Critique of the Article To Twitter or not to Twitter

Scrutinize of the Article To Twitter or not to Twitter Robert W. Lucky’s article named â€Å"To Twitter or not to Twitter† talks about the issue that more seasoned web clients get themselves. Fortunate (2010) tries to share his issue on whether to join the person to person communication site. The fundamental contention is that age is the key factor in deciding the utilization of Twitter. Fortunate (2010) focuses on an expansive crowd however has a predisposition for the more established age. Publicizing We will compose a custom basic composing test on Critique of the Article â€Å"To Twitter or not to Twitter† explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The article requests to his peers since the conversation identifies with issues they are battling with, while the more youthful age will locate some chronicled an incentive in it and a vibe of the point of view the more established age has on their utilization of Twitter. The creator prevails with regards to offering his difficulty to his crowd. The article begins by characterizing Twitter and portraying how it functions, in light of the author’s point of view. This part illuminates the areas regarding the crowd who might not have associated with Twitter, subsequently putting them in the same spot as the rest. The creator at that point portrays between the more youthful and the more established age. He alludes to the more youthful age as â€Å"digital natives† (Lucky, 2010, p. 245). This implies they grew up with innovation as a major aspect of their every day experience. Then again, he alludes to the more established age as â€Å"digital immigrants† who have adjusted to the innovative changes in the ongoing years (Lucky, 2010, p. 245). The creator at that point proceeds to impart individual encounters to more youthful people in gatherings. He gives an account on how they influenced his reasoning. The paper finishes up by scrutinizing the significance of Twitter to the more seasoned age in sound terms, yet leaves space for the crowd to come to their own end results in regards to the utilization of Twitter. The article had two unmistakable qualities. The first is that the creator prevails with regards to imparting to an expansive crowd. The differentiation between the computerized locals and advanced outsiders welcomes both age gatherings to the conversation. While the article relates the battles of the advanced outsiders, it gives stories that computerized locals are recognizable. The utilization of specialized terms accompanies extraordinary consideration. At the presentation, there is a full depiction of what Twitter is, and how it works. Inside the body, there are portrayals for the terms â€Å"digital native† and â€Å"digital immigrant† (Lucky, 2010, p. 245). This makes the article useful for the more seasoned age, while it makes it engaging for the more youthful age who may think that its entertaining that there is have to depict how Twitter functions. The second key qual ity of the article is that it prevails with regards to showing the job old enough in the utilization of Twitter. In the last segments, the conversation on whether to utilize Twitter in a pending industry meeting gives an intriguing gander at the reason Twitter serves for the two ages. The advanced locals use it for person to person communication while the more seasoned one appears to attempt to figure out how to utilize it for proficient applications. Promoting Looking for basic composition on sociologies? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The creator doesn't see the point in somebody posting on Twitter that they are presently alert. It doesn't appear to increase the value of the crowd seeing that Tweet. In any case, the tale of the authors’ colleague who says that in the wake of utilizing Twitter for seven days he felt â€Å"a feeling of connectedness† outlines the creator point, which is that Twitter fills a soci al need (Lucky, 2010, p. 246). Also, the creator exhibits that there is a social measurement to innovation since the computerized locals are a piece of an online culture and discover articulation in it by â€Å"inhabiting different personalities, living a culture of sharing and by peer collaboration† (Lucky, 2010, p. 245). The push to support the enthusiasm of a wide crowd makes one of the essential blemishes of the article. After the starting segments, the creator battles to keep up a voice fitting for the whole crowd. The subtleties of the author’s individual conflict with a youthful gathering speaker estrange advanced locals. The speaker, as a delegate of the advanced locals with regards to the article, puts on a show of being unbelievable when he calls the computerized migrants, â€Å"pencil pushers† (Lucky, 2010, p. 246). The creator likewise makes the youthful speaker who tweets each morning seem unimportant. These segments have the capability of estrangin g the more youthful areas of the author’s crowd. While the writer makes a valid statement of indicating that, Twitter works diversely for the various ages the selection of models for the article paints more youthful clients as nonsensical and involves them in â€Å"pointless, unending barking† (Lucky, 2010, p. 246). This article is effective in drawing out the central matter, which is that Twitter use fluctuates on a generational level. The tone isn't belittling. This draws in both the youthful and the old perusers to lock in. Its intelligent attitude and its uncertain decision leave the perusers pondering how they use Twitter. The creator is fruitful in drawing in light of a legitimate concern for a wide crowd and in conveying the various ways that the generational gap impacts the utilization of Twitter. The selection of outlines however chances estranging the more youthful perusers. All in all, the work is educational and stimulating.Advertising We will compose a cus tom basic composing test on Critique of the Article â€Å"To Twitter or not to Twitter† explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Reference Lucky, R. W. (2010). To Twitter Or Not to Twitter? In L. G. Kirszner, S. R. Mandell, The Blair Reader: Exploring Issues and Ideas (pp. 244-246). Canada: Pearson Education.

The Value of Human Life in the Poems To His coy Mistressby Andrew Essay

The Value of Human Life in the Poems To His bashful Mistressby Andrew Marvel and Out, Out by Robert Frost - Essay Example The two sonnets show that human life has less an incentive than the peruser may wish to think, Marvell’s sonnet by indicating that the lady just has an incentive as long as she is wonderful and Frost’s in light of the fact that he shows that the demise of the kid has little impact on the continuation of life. The sonnet â€Å"To His Coy Mistress† love sonnet composed with the possibility that the lady he wants isn't letting him sufficiently close to her. The storyteller wants her and needs to engage in sexual relations with her, however she isn't letting him. He reveals to her everything of the superb manners by which he sees her. However, the magnificence that she has he realize will blur and be lost to them, He needs to perfect their desire for each other before she has matured and no longer has the wants of her childhood. His first lines give his first contention with regards to why she ought not be bashful. He states â€Å"Had we yet world enough, and time,/ This bashfulness, woman, were no crime† proposing that by being demure she isn't carrying out a wrongdoing. So as to burden her, in any case, he talks about as far as possible that time would offer him to adulate her magnificence and sit tight for her to yield to him. In the subsequent section, in any case, he shows that he doesn't have the opportunity to laud her excellence the way that he would need to do it. ... thers the two his degrading of the lady and his contention why she should surrender to his desire by saying â€Å"Now accordingly, while the young tone/Sits on thy skin like morning dew,† portraying her through references to the new dew of the morning. He his contention by saying â€Å"Thus, however we can't make our sun/Stand still, yet we will make him run†, indicating that the sun will dry the dew from her excellence just as utilizing the sun to show the progression of time. Andrew Marvell tells in his sonnet that time will remove the worth that the object of his craving holds. He shows that she is with no other incentive to him than that which her physical excellence gives. Ice shows a comparable message in his sonnet, in spite of the fact that he offers respect to the person who is the object of that sonnet. Ice sets up a story inside his sonnet of a kid who has an awful mishap. He shows how rapidly everything can abandon being typical towards a horrendous occasion . The account is the narrative of a saw that cuts the boy’s hand, his estimated age demonstrated by the lines â€Å"Then the kid saw all -/Since he was mature enough to know, huge kid/Doing a man's work, however a kid on a basic level â€â€Å". In this sonnet, the individual is esteemed. The storyteller of the sonnet shows feeling towards the kid, his words â€Å"Call it daily, I wish they may have said/To satisfy the kid by giving him the half hour/That a kid tallies so much when spared from work† recommending that he needed him to have a decent encounter. Obviously, what occurs next is awful and the storyteller depicts the occasion by exemplifying the saw. The state cuts the young men hand. By composing phrases like â€Å"The buzz saw growled and shook in the yard† which proposed that the buzz saw was a forceful and alive thing, and through saying â€Å"As on the off chance that it intended to demonstrate saws

Is Facebook Making us Lonely Essay Sample

Is Facebook Making us Lonely Essay Sample Social networks have changed lives of the ordinary people rapidly. The young generation doesn’t imagine their life without one of the most popular networks in the world â€" Facebook. It is a place where everyone can communicate, share music, pictures, and video, and get to know information about other people and about the world. Some scholars think that a great number of young people are addicted to this social network. Every day millions of them visit Facebook and spend at least a couple of hours there. They find dozens of reasons to be there, like friends, news, hobbies, and so on. An average Facebook user has about two- three hundreds friends. Yet, the question is whether this network really helps to be closer to people or it makes us lonely. From one side Facebook and other networks connect people even if they live far away from each other. It is possible to get acquainted with a person from the other continent and even become a best friend with him or her. Sometimes, it is very difficult for people to find a person near them who can understand them and help solve their problems. It is much easier to share your problematic situation with a stranger. Apart from this, most of the people are very busy nowadays. Very often they don’t have enough time to spend it with friends every time they want this. In this case, Facebook and other networks are very helpful. It is very easy to find some information about a person from the posts and short messages. It also helps to connect people who have a lot in common. Sometimes to find a person who listens to the same music as you do, or who has the same hobby as you have is much easier through Facebook. Yet, this method works only if you don’t have borders and are ready to meet dif ferent people personally. Looking at these arguments, it is easy to state that Facebook isn’t making us lonely. Unfortunately, this is only the part of the truth. There are a few arguments that can convince you that Facebook and other social networks are making us very lonely. First of all, it is essential to understand what loneliness mean. You can be alone, but it doesn’t mean that you are lonely. However, you can be in the middle of the crowd, but you still can feel loneliness. Therefore, loneliness is a psychological problem. Facebook is really making us feel lonely because it diminishes the personal communication. It isn’t enough to look at some photos and read some posts to get to know what a person feels. As a result, people get the false sense of the friendship and close relationships. Nobody knows how you really feel and what life you really have. In other words, 300 friends on Facebook are not real friends, they are just strangers, who know next to nothing about you, and you know next to nothing about them. It is good if you have at least a couple of real friends there with whom you not only chat but also speak and meet in person. Facebook usage has its advantages and disadvantages. From one side it helps to look for people, with whom you have something in common, easier. From the other side, it diminishes personal communication. As a result, it definitely has an impact on our feeling of loneliness. Yet, the problem isn’t in this social network or any other. The problem is in every person. It is possible to use Facebook and still feel yourself very happy. It is just necessary to understand that such problem exists and do everything possible to fix it by starting communicating personally as much as possible.

Effective Customer Relationship Management System - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2252 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Essay any type Did you like this example? This assignment explores the need for customer relationship management systems. It begins by explaining how the organisational environment has changed and the pace of change is accelerating. It then considers how a better understanding the customer contributes to organisational success. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Effective Customer Relationship Management System" essay for you Create order Following this, it defines what is understood by CRM or customer relationship management, and finally it considers the importance of using technology effectively when designing a CRM system. The emergence of CRM is a response to a changing global environment, as Court (2004:4) observed twenty years ago, large companies used one of very few television channels to reach 80% of the US population, but the media explosion would require them to advertise across 20 channels to reach the same. Furthermore, brand loyalty is in decline, and product life cycles are shortening: customers are becoming more indifferent to marketing messages since customers, whether consumers or businesses, do not want more choices. They want exactly what they want, when, where and how they want it and technology now makes it possible for companies to give it to them (Pine et al, 1995:104). This belief forms the very basis of the purpose of CRM that customers have hidden or overt preferences that marketers can reveal by building a learning relationship (Mukerjee, 2007). Thus, it involves not only attempting to interpret the needs of customers based on their buying behaviour but predicting their future needs. However, there remains no universal definition of CRM some distinguish between customer relationship management and others argue the M refers to marketing (Gamble et al, 1999) and as a result, different approaches to CRM have been identified. A strategic approach is a core customer-centric business strategy which aims to win and keep profitable customers whereas an Operational approach focuses on the automation of customer-facing processes such as selling, marketing and customer service. A third approach is analytical in nature: focusing on the intelligent mining of customer-related data for strategic or tactical purposes and finally, a collaborative approach applies technology across organisational boundaries with a view to optimizing company, partner and customer value (Butt le, 2009). These different approaches when combined, however, do enable firms to explore their relationship with the customer in a more holistic way. Thus CRM is not merely a matter of database marketing, nor just a marketing process of segmenting the market and acquiring customers or any single IT initiative or loyalty scheme (Buttle, 2009). Firms must be driven by a desire to be more customer-centric if they want to compete effectively and thus, CRM can be thought of as a core business strategy that integrates internal processes and functions, and external networks, to create and deliver value to targeted customers at a profit. It is grounded on high quality customer-related data and enabled by information technology (ibid, 2009: Loc 852). A strategy is the long-term direction of an organisation and operates on three main levels. Firstly, it is concerned with the overall scope of an organisation and how to add value to the organisational as a whole, or the corporate-level. S econdly, at a business level: how the business should compete in their particular market. And thirdly, how the components of an organisation deliver effectively the corporate-level strategies in terms of resources, processes and people (Johnson et al, 2014:7). Therefore, a CRM approach must devise clear objectives to be achieved and which are measureable. Clearly one of those objectives is profit but clearly linked to this is sustainability. Mukerjee (2007) argues that this requires a firm to have four capabilities. The firm must have the technological capabilities to enable the desired functionality for the CRM practice. Secondly, its people must have the skills, abilities and attitudes responsible to generate CRM and implement initiatives. Thirdly, it must focus on the processes that the company has identified to enable the CRM initiatives to be fulfilled, including its transactional interactions with customers, and finally the firm must identify the right approaches to acquire the knowledge and insight into enhancing the customer value by developing stronger and deeper customer relationships with the right set of customers. Thus finding the right set of customers is the starting point for CRM. The IDIC model devised by Peppers and Rogers (1996) suggest firms must first identify who its customers are and build a deep understanding of them. Then, the firm must identify which customers have the most value now and which will offer the most for the future. Following this, the firm must interact will customers to ensure an understanding of customer expectations and their relationship with other suppliers or brands, and finally the firm must customise the offer and communications to ensure the expectations are met. The next step is building a relationship with the customer. Buttle (2009: Loc 1082) defines a relationship as distinct from a transaction: The latter is a one off, but the former is a more enduring social construct, but emphasises trust and com mitment. Thus a CRM system must continually strive for improved customer retention as well as recruiting new customers who have future profit potential. A useful tool for exploring this is customer portfolio management. A portfolio segments customers into mutually exclusive customer groups which are clustered on the basis of one or more strategically important variables. This allows for different groups to manage in different ways as it recognises differing needs, preferences, expectations, but also enables analysis of revenue and cost profiles. Clusters can by consumer type, e.g. other businesses (B2B) or ultimate consumer (B2C). And each sub-group can be further categorised, e.g. business type, or through psychological, geographical, demographical and behavioural clusters (Jackson, 2015). Then it is to appraise the value of such groups. It is a mistake to value according to revenue or volume since they take no account of the costs to win and keep the customer, it must be rel ated to profit (Ambler et al, 2004). Such comparisons can then be modelled on a bivariate grid, and then combined again, for example, attractiveness, or kept separate, and adding a third dimension (trivariate grid approach) for example, assessing against the company and network fit: the operational, marketing, technological, people and other competencies and liquidity a company has, or can develop, to exploit the segment (Buttle, 2009). Thus the portfolio approach provides a sense of focused decision-making that can take into account a number of variables and classifications and assist with forming the strategy of the organisation from a corporate prospective. It provide the vision of the organisation. It follows, then, that the business and operational CRM strategies can then focus on the how to implement CRM systems. This starts with determining priorities to determine the goals and objectives. Chan (2005) believes that in order to successfully build a customer-centric organ isation, all the organisational interactions with the target customers must be tracked whether it is at a primary stage, e.g. marketing, during the interaction, or following the interaction. One approach to this is Value Chain analysis. Porters (1985) Value Chain identifies nine ways that company create value, and classifies them as primary or secondary, as the diagram below demonstrates: Value is created by companies managing each component more efficiently and effectively, and in particular improving the co-ordination of these activities across the business. The competitive position is strengthened by understanding which of these are especially significant to customers, how rare and difficult to mimic these core competencies are, as well as any other factors which support the organisation in achieving its goals (Johnson et al, 2014). These other factors include understanding the role that the organisational stakeholders, including suppliers, customers, owners, partner s and employees contribute (Buttle 2009). He (ibid: Loc 9638) argues that the relationship between suppliers is particularly critical. The organisation, therefore, acts as a link between the suppliers and customers, and for the customer-centric organisation that relationship between the suppliers and customer must de-emphasise the short-term, opportunistic behaviours to maximise immediate profit but rather stress the long-term mutually beneficial gains. Furthermore, companies need to keep adding value to retain customers in order to sustain competitiveness, and potentially leap-frog rivals. There are several approaches that organisations can enhance customer value, for example, product and service innovation, finding complete solutions, lowering costs, using more efficient technology and removing pain points simplifying or removing those activities which a customer must endure to get the value (Mukerjee, 2007). Shaw and Ivens (2002) believe that it is the latter issue that is th e main focus for CRM: understanding the customer experience rather than just the customer. Firms can make use of a number of methods for investigating customer experience, including mystery shopping and experience mapping, a process to chart and improve what happens at every point the customer interacts with the organisation; process mapping (Buttle, 2009). Another approach is to study the customer activity cycle, which involves breaking down the process into basic elements and collecting data at each point in the cycle (Vandermerwe, 1993). Thus, CRM systems make use of sophisticated analytical tools, and these must be supported by CRM technologies. CRM technology must be able to meet a wide-range of functions, not just to capture data, but assist with assimilating that data into databases, which must be robust, scalable and secure (Mukerjee, 2007). Furthermore, such technologies must be accessible to all stakeholders, meaning they cannot be difficult to navigate or configure. They must also be able to operate across any communication channel and integrate with other systems to contribute to a single view of, and for, the customer (Buttle, 2009) who lists many well-known CRM solution providers, for example Oracle, SAP, salesforce. Com, Microsoft and E.piphany (ibid: Loc 8026). Therefore, when designing a CRM systems a thorough understanding of the interconnectivity of the customer, the suppliers, the technology, analytical tools and the firms strategy is required and needs to be constantly monitored, as the model below demonstrates: Adapted from: Buttle (2009: Loc 2863) Earlier in this assignment, finding the right set of customers was suggested as the starting point for CRM system design, and thus it is appropriate to return to this in order to stress the importance of the cyclical and interconnectedness of CRM when designing a system. The activity of finding the right set of customers means right now and in the future in order to devise an appropriate strategy, and do so profitably. This process is known as data mining. Buttle (2009) defines data mining as the application of descriptive and predictive analysis to support the marketing, sales and service functions. Data mining provides answers to questions that are at the heart of CRM and therefore when designing a system, it is important to understand that CRM is a holistic approach. Another key consideration when designing a CRM system is that it should assist the organisation in its quest to keep abreast of and prepare for changes in current trends. Traditional marketing methods have been challenged in recent years by changing social trends, the reduction of governmental controls, rising income levels, threats from rivals, an increasingly sophisticated customer who has greater access to information (Mukerjee, 2007). All of this, has contributed to the shortening product life cycle, which as substantially increased the pressure on firms to not just acquire custom ers but retain them. Any system that is designed must also be implemented. Narver et al (1998) state that customer orientation is a type of organisational culture, therefore before embarking in CRM, the organisational culture must be ready and able to fulfil the CRM objectives. The organisation, or rather the people within it, must be able to respond quickly, and the company able to support, train and hire people with the necessary attitude, skills and abilities in order for them to contribute to CRM. Furthermore, the company may have to radically reconstruction its entire systems, particularly the structural design of the organisation in order to change the culture from resistant to embracing change. This assignment has explored the notion that CRM is a holistic approach which assists the organisation in not just responding to its environment but to also compete against rivals. Customer relationship management cannot deliver its promised benefits without appropriate customer- related data, which in turn must be analysed using a wide-range of tools in order to meet the strategic, operational, analytical and collaborative CRM purposes. To design a CRM system means putting the customer at the heart of the organisation and adapting and sustainably exploiting all the resources available in order to meet their needs. References Ambler, T., Kokkinaki, F. and Puntoni, S (2004) Assessing marketing performance: reason for metrics selection, Journal of Marketing Management, Vol. 20, p 475 98. Buttle, F. (2009) Customer Relationship Management, Abdingdon:Routledge. Chan, J.O. (2005) Toward a unified view of customer relationship management, Journal of American Academy of Business, Vol 6 (1), p 32 38. Court, D.C (2004) A New Model of Marketing, McKinsey Quarterly, Vol 4, pages 4 6 Gamble, P, Stone, M, and Woodcock, N (1999) Customer Relationship Marketing: up close and personal, London: Kogan Page. Jackson, J. (2015) Marketing, E-bookPartnership. Johnson, G., Whittington, R., Scholes, K., Angwin, D. Regner, P. (2014) Exploring Strategy, Harlow: Pearson Education. Mukerjee, K (2007) Customer Relationship Management, New Delhi: PHI Learning. Narver, J, Slater, S and Tietje, B (1998) Creating a Market Orientation, Journal of Market Focused Management, Vol 2, p 241 255 Peppers, D and Rogers, M (2004) Managing Customer Relationships: a strategic framework, London: Piatkus. Pine, B, Joseph, I.I, Peppers, D and Rogers, M (1995) Do you want to keep your customers forever? Harvard Business Review, Vol 73 (2) p 103 114. Porter, M (1985) Competitive Advantage: creating and sustaining superior performance, New York: Free Press. Shaw, C and Ivens, J (2002) Building great customer experiences, Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan. Vandermerwe, S (1993) Jumping into the customer activity cycle: a new role for customer services in the 1990s, Columbia Journal of World Business, Vol 28 (2), p 28 66.

The Sun in The Stranger by Albert Camus Essay - 804 Words

From page fifty-eight to fifty-seven of Albert Camus’s The Stranger he uses the relentless Algerian sun as a motif for the awareness of reality that pursues the main character, Meursault, throughout the passage. When each motif appears in the novel such as this passage, Meursault’s actions change. This exemplifies that the light, heat, and sun trigger him to become debilitated or furious. Albert Camus sets up this motif in the passage to indicate to the reader that this motif shows the major themes of this novel. This motif shows Meursault’s emotion, how the imagery of weaponry affects Meursault’s actions, how the sun is a representation of society, and how the sun weakens Meursault. Camus’s motif of the sun illustrates Meursault’s†¦show more content†¦When it becomes clear that if he stayed any longer there would be conflict, Meursault knows that all he has to do is turn around. All he has to do is walk away, But the whole beach, throbbing in the sun, was pressing on my back (58). He takes a few steps towards the Arab, the glare of the sun becoming physically painful, and after a few more steps the Arab draws his knife. The sun flashes off the knife, blinding Meursault, his sweat in his eyes preventing him from seeing, the light scorching and stabbing at his eyes. The trigger gave (58) and it was all over for Meursault. The sun’s power over Meursault, shown through the strong imagery, forces Meursault to fire the revolver and kill the Arab. What makes it worse; he fires four more times to make sure the sun is dissipated for good. The murder of the Arab is used by Camus to compare the sun and society. Society oppresses and overpowers those who refuse to assimilate and embrace normality. Meursault is the epitome of abnormality and is thus the main target of societys, of the suns, wrath. â€Å"The sun was the same as it had been the day I’d buried Maman, and like then, my forehead especiall y was hurting me..† (58-59). 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International Management Free Essays

string(114) " the legal structure of a LLC, 320 Below intends to separate its legal entity from their owners and shareholders\." The purpose of this report Is to present 320 Below Pet Ltd a business proposal to venture Into Bangkok, Thailand. A series of relevant questions pertaining to the Ice- cream parlous business and its future expansion into foreign markets are proposed here to identify business opportunities and risks. The FB industry in Singapore and the company’s structure has been studied in depth to gain a better understanding of the industry. We will write a custom essay sample on International Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now 320 Below is a Singapore based company that sells fresh ice cream, sorbet and frozen yogurt. The enterprise’s legal structure, its history, mission, vision, alls, objectives and the ownership structure are further analyzed. The products and services offerings of 320 Below are highlighted and supported with the customer profile and demand analysis by the usage of Porter’s Five Forces analysis. Moving forward, the environmental factors on the host country business climate are carefully examined. Based on the findings, the unique usage of liquid nitrogen in making the Ice cream is favored at large. Strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats of 320 Below will be evaluated In depth by using the SOOT analysis. A comprehensive business strategy Is finalized and proposed comprising of mode of entry and identifying the Hypotheses national cultural dimensions as it ensures that the different strategies will be carefully studied. Vital components of the fps strategies, which constitutes of pricing strategy, distribution and logistics, promotion and advertising and production and service strategies are also discussed. This will be followed with financial reports and the planning of cost analysis, the projected profit and loss statement expected to derive. The management considerations Including personnel, business advisers and contingency plans to be undertaken have been determined. Finally, recommendation will be presented to 320 Below based on the chances of success rate, which will influence its decision making to venture into foreign markets like Bangkok. 2. Introduction Being the first mover entrant, 320 Below Private Limited (Pet Ltd) first launched the unprecedented concept of freezing ice-cream using liquid nitrogen In Singapore. This unique Innovation has speed up the Ice-cream making process, thus enabling 320 Below to experiment with a wide variety of ice-cream flavors in the shortest time compared to traditional ice-cream making at large. The founder and Managing Director of 320 Below, Miss Lillian Nag is currently heading its business operations and business strategy for the gourmet ice-cream parlous. With the support of Miss Nag, our team kept in touch with her through numerous email correspondence to collect valuable information about 320 Below. This has provided our team with vital and useful findings which has facilitated us In preparing this business proposal. These justifications has indeed given us many insights in the ice-cream parlous business and helped us to draft out the necessary marketing tools that has helped to advertise the company. 3. Industry Business Description restaurants, fast food outlets, food caterers and others segment. In the â€Å"Others† segment, it generally refers to the different types of F establishments ranging from cafes, bars, food courts, pubs to coffee house. In 2012, Singapore F industry has substantially increased and generated approximately SAG 1 1. 98 billions in revenues, which is equivalent to 3. 5% of the country gross domestic product (GAP). According to Singapore Department of Statistics (2013), the year of 2012 has witnessed an increase of 3. 2% of new F establishment opening in Singapore. The total number of F establishment has significantly increase from 6,464 to 6,668 and is a good sign that the industry is expanding. With a population of over 5. Million, Singapore is ranked one of the highest food consumption country in Southeast Asia. In Singapore, eating is considered a national pastime, where people are willing to queue up for half an hour to over an hour for their favorite food. The majority of Singapore population’s love for good food and their willingness to food hunt around the island display their passion and attitude towards eating. Within the social circles, it is viewed as an status leveler or status builde r if you can recommend a particular place that serves great food to your friends or families. Being able to do immediately brings up your personal reputation (Wang 2006). The increasing affluent middle class and the rise in their disposable income has also fuelled the growth of the FB industry. This group of affluent Singapore who are well-traveled are often attracted by what they see and experience during their holiday trips. Therefore, when these FB establishments opened in Singapore, they would gladly patronize them. This has definitely spurred the demands of overseas food and produce (Rehearing’s 2013). In addition, growing tourism activities in Singapore from overseas visitors have also supported the growth of these F establishments. The future of the F industry in Singapore looks promising and is projected to growth in healthy levels due to its per capita consumption growth. 4. Company Description 4. 1 Type of Business Founded in October 2012, 320 Below Pet Ltd is a Singapore-based ice cream parlor that specializes in making fresh premium ice-cream, sorbet and frozen yoghurt purely from using natural ingredients. The company falls into the category of lifestyle cafes in Singapore F industry. 20 Below prides itself in delivering a unique ice- cream eating experience for customers to mingle and hang out with their friends and families. 320 Below is the early pioneer in Singapore to launch the concept of freezing ice cream by using liquid nitrogen. This unique and innovative ice-cream making process has revolutionized how ice cream is traditionally prepared and consumed. This interes ting concept has also introduced an unique cafe experience, where customers can walk-in to choose from a wide variety of specially created ice- ream flavors that are freshly churned out on the spot from the mixing bowl. 20 Below Pet Ltd started its ice cream parlor business as a Limited Liability company (LLC), which is commonly known as Private Limited company. The company is registered under Singapore laws and tax regulations. Under the legal structure of a LLC, 320 Below intends to separate its legal entity from their owners and shareholders. You read "International Management" in category "Papers" By doing so, their business obligations only strictly remain within the legal entity itself and shareholders are excluded from any legal liability in their personal capacity. 20 Below also enjoy various legal and tax benefits as a LLC. For example, 320 Below is exempted from paying taxes during the first three years of incorporation for the first SAG $100,000 profits that they make every year. The corporate tax rate in Singapore is very attractive, which stood at below 9% for profits up to SAG $300,000 and capped at 17% for profits exceeding SAG $300,000. In addition, Singapore single-tier tax policy implemented across all corporation means that 320 Below will only be taxed once at corporate level. In the event of any dividends payout to their shareholders, they will not be tax again. 0 Below also benefited from the ease of raising capital for new venture or business expansion in the future. As a LLC, 320 Below will find it easier to get business financing from financial institutes, such as banks, and also raising capital through adding equity partners or investors. 4. 3 320 Below History, Mission, Goals Objectives The brand name â€Å"320 Below’ came about when the founder Allan Nag discovered that liquid nitrogen actually boils at minus 320 degree Fahrenheit (OF) and she decided to name after it. Lillian Nag, the founder and managing director of 320 Below has a passion and loves creating quality ice-cream. She believes in making ice cream that are low in sugar and do not contain artificial emulsifier, stabilizer and preservative. During the early beginnings, Miss Nag experimented in creating numerous unique tasty ice-cream flavors from her home. Over a period of time, she had created and perfected numerous ice-cream recipes that have received good reviews from friends and family members. The idea of freezing ice-cream came about one day when she was doing online researches about ice cream making and found out about using liquid nitrogen to produces fresh creamy ice-cream, without paving icy crystals that can affects the taste pleasure. After mastering the ice-cream making process, Miss Nag decided to venture in the ice cream parlor business. 320 Bellows vision is to become the first-mover in new creation and innovation to ensure their products are always fresh, smooth, tasty and clean. Their mission is to ensure that their ice cream, sorbet and frozen yogurt are of the highest quality, smooth and tasty. 320 Below also endeavor to deliver exceptional customer service to their customers in a clean, fun and relaxing environment to hang out. 4. Ownership Structure 20 Below currently have two outlets in Singapore, which is the Mackenzie Road main shop located near the city area and the Tympanis One branch, a neighborhood area in the eastern part of Singapore. The ownership structure of 320 Below consists of 3 Below employs a manager who takes charge of the daily operations in the Tympanis One branch and Miss Nag is in charge of the Mackenzie Road main shop. The manager at Tympanis One reports directly to Miss Nag pertai ning any operations issues. At any time, each outlet hire at least two temporary staffs to service customers at the ice cream parlous. Miss Nag is also in charge of the marketing and production aspects of 320 Below. Her manager handles the financial accounting and human resources for both the outlets. 5. Product/ Service Factors 5. 1 Product/ Service Analysis 320 Below is the unprecedented ice cream shop that uses liquid nitrogen for their ice cream making process. As such, they have an advantage of offering new and interesting products to their customers in the FB industry. They are not Just ice cream sellers but they also offer a wide range of products like frozen yoghurt and sorbets that are freshly made on the spot after customers have placed their orders. This kind of service are very rare in the Singapore market as traditionally ice cream are made in advanced and stored for later consumption in ice cream parlors or they can be conveniently bought in all supermarkets or convenience stores. 320 Bellows flagship main store at Mackenzie Road offers a unique experience of enjoying ice cream, which not other places in Singapore offers. The location of their ice cream parlor are conveniently located near city area and offer ample parking space for individuals or families who wish to patronize them. Next their shop is nicely decorated with a colorful theme that attracts passer by and want to come in. Students and teenagers are also attracted to 320 Below shop because they enjoy hanging out with their friends due to its cozy and comfortable environment it gives to their customers. 5. 2 Customer Profile/ Demand Analysis Thailand is a country with a hot climate for most parts of the year. It is common for people to seek out cooling food items to manage the heat and ice cream happens to be one of the highly sought after food items consumed. In Bangkok, the weather records a hotter temperature being an urban area with less greenery to cool the surroundings compared to other parts of Thailand. Therefore, the demand tends to be higher compared to other parts of Thailand. Other ice cream brands have been successful in Bangkok with constant demands from ice cream lovers. Thailand is ranked at 13th place, with 1. 5 litter of ice cream consumption per capita each year (Ice cream consumption 2013), Just 2 places behind Singapore. The consumer market for ice cream in Bangkok consists mainly of This who are in the working class of age 25 – 40 and tourists who visit the kingdom for holidays. These groups of people generally look for uniqueness in the products they purchase. Thus, he technology of using liquid nitrogen to create ice cream instantly will attract their attention and given their access to education and the internet, they will better appreciate the ice cream making process of 320 Below. As ice cream brands that able to capture the attention of potential consumers in Bangkok and attract them to patronize the ice cream parlor. 5. 3 Porter’s Five Forces Analysis 5. 3. 1 Bargaining power of suppliers (High) Liquid nitrogen is not only used in the ice cream making process but also for other food processing such as bakery in the Food Beverage (FB) Industry. As such, appliers may choose to supply to other food processing brands, which require a larger quantity of liquid nitrogen compared to 320 Below. Similarly, suppliers of other equipment in general required by 320 Below for its ice cream outlet operations have a bigger pool of customers in the similar business to choose from to create business ties. 5. 3. 2 Bargaining power of customers (Low) Customers are unable to make vast comparisons as brands offering the same product as 320 Below is relatively new in Bangkok. Furthermore, the Bangkok market is relatively new to this ice cream making process using liquid nitrogen to churn out CE cream. The lack of knowledge of the product further weakens their bargaining power. 5. 3. 3 Threat of new entrants (Low) There are very few ice cream outlets established in Bangkok that use the liquid nitrogen technology to produce their ice cream. Moreover, the frequency of new ice cream brands opening an outlet in Bangkok is low. Given the fact that Thailand is still a developing country and poses the risks of political unrest, other ice cream brands with similar technology might be hesitant to venture into the Thai market. Therefore, the threat of new entrants is low for ice cream brands in Bangkok. 3. 4 Threat of substitute products (High) Ice cream is a product that has constant demand in Bangkok given the hot climate and relatively strong demand from consumers. Therefore, there are numerous brands that provide the similar primary product with Just slight variations. The price range of 320 Below is relatively higher than the average ice cream pricing due to the running costs involving the technology that is used. Consumers may be unwilling to pay for a higher price for their ice cream and may favor other ice cream brands that are much cheaper but not necessarily of higher quality. Others may look for other alternatives such as local cold desserts to replace eating ice cream. Therefore, the threat of substitute products is high in Bangkok. 5. 3. 5 Competitive rivalry within the industry (Low) The idea of using liquid nitrogen in the ice cream making process is still very new in Bangkok. According to research, there is currently one ice cream brand that adopted competitor that produces ice cream in a similar process. However, due to its huge demographic and population in Bangkok there is room for competition in the market. 6. Environmental Factors 6. Host Country Business Climate 20 Below was the first to introduce liquid nitrogen ice cream. It was quite a success for them as a lot of people are curious and wanted to try how does these ice creams taste like. Soon another competitor Just Like It came along. It create a buzz in the FB industry as it invest in their marketing and advertising campaign. In order to expand their area of revenues income, 320 Below has began doing market survey and research to consider and plan their expansion. Either they open up another outlet to compete with their competitors or they can venture oversea to open their first shop overseas. In London and Hong Kong, there are already shops that sells liquid nitrogen ice cream. Thus venturing into these two countries are not advisable. The best two options are Thailand, Bangkok or Vietnam. 6. 2 SOOT Analysts of 320 Below Strength The strength of 320 Below lies in their Research and Development team and strong support from their management. The RD are always encourage to develop new products and to cater to the demands of the Singapore market. Being able to understand the Singapore market makes 320 Below easier to target at their range of customers. The vertical integration have given 320 Below an advantage in the arrest. Lastly, the financial status of 320 Below are healthy and they are not in debts. Weakness The operating costs for the operations in Singapore have been increasing lately. This is due to the inflation of the market in Singapore. Also they are facing manpower issues. Even though it is still manageable, but still its difficult to find young service staff to be committed and loyal to the company. Most of the services staff are students working on a temporary basis and they do not tend to stay long in the Job. Opportunities opportunities. To open their shops in Asia countries and to introduce their underfed products to the local people there. This can create more awareness and increase their market shares. Threats With the recent riots and social unrest in Bangkok, 320 Below will have to be very careful in their planning and execution of their shop opening. The economy in Thailand has fairly been affected by the power struggle between within the government parties. A possible delay in carrying out their plan might be necessary if the situation there worsen. Second, if the pricing of their ice cream is expensive, the local This might not patronize them and avoid eating it. . Government Constraints/ Incentives The Thai government has been having political uncertainties since 2010 surrounding their former prime minister and the current one. The former Prime Minister Taking Sinatra has been over thrown in a military coup in 2010. His sister was elected as the new Prime Minister for Thailand. At the end of 2013, his sister Youngling Sinatra has tried to pass on a bill, which could lead to allowing Taking to return to Thailand, Bangkok. This has caused uproar of protests among the Thai population. This was enough to lead to the recent demonstrations by the citizens in central Bangkok. Shops are still open for business even though protests and demonstrations are ongoing. But somehow, their business will still be affected. This feud between the anti government and the prime minister of Thailand will be ongoing for a long period. Travelers have been warned about traveling to Thailand and to avoid these affected areas. 6. 4 Laws/ Regulations/ Administrative Practices Thailand has a long history of corruption, bribery, extortion, leak of insider information used in securing lands, business deals, etc. This has created negative media publicity for the country. Organizations who want to venture into Thailand will have to seriously consider it before shifting in funds from overseas for investments. Therefore, It is prudent to have the government support in our expansion plans. We also need to know and abide to their local employment laws and regulations. It is almost similar to our Singapore employment regulations except for some slight differences. For example, there are no limitations on the number of days for medical leave. Companies are to set up the Employee Welfare Fund and contributions are made from both employer and employee. These funds will be used to compensate employees who have resigned, laid off or suffer serious injuries during their service with the company. 7. Business Strategies organizational structure in order for organizations to be successful. Bangkok regulation on the food and beverage industry welcomes foreign investment. The threat in competition for the food and beverage sector is overwhelming and could result in high operation cost. If it franchises out its chain in Bangkok or Joint venture with a local, the organization may experience a communication barrier as the locals mostly speak Thai and know minimum English. As a new entrant in Bangkok as a franchiser as an option, 320 Below may face potential challenges such as having difficulties in obtaining the appropriate approval and permits from the respective authorities. Unnecessary expenses might incur during the process and might lead to higher cost. Due to cultural differences and language barrier, this could also result in misunderstanding, leading to conflicts when dealing with the respective stakeholders in the sector, as they may be amateurs to the business. The proposed mode of entry for 320 Below is franchising in Bangkok, with a few considerations to be analyzed. Egger Hefted 320 Below must identify the Hypotheses national cultural dimensions as one of the key factors before proposing and venturing in Bangkok as identifying the cultural differences amongst the neighboring countries are an added advantage. In determining the Hefted nation culture, he identified five dimensions, which comprise of power distance, individualism, Masculinity/Femininity, uncertainty avoidance and long-term orientation. 320 Below identified the potential of individualism and long-term orientation as their top priorities in venturing into Bangkok. The company is keen to review individualism ND long-term orientation as part of their daily operations in generating growth with the support and directions from the top management. Figure 1 : Hypotheses Model Country Comparison As a comparison amongst the three countries and Singapore, Bangkok shows the highest significant similarities of what Singapore adopts. fps Strategy 7. 1 Product/ Service Positioning Every individual has a sweet tooth whether for breakfast, teatime, after a meal or anytime of the day when one desires for dessert. Every dessert craves yearn for a perfect flavor and a unique sweet course. The evolution of ice-cream originated jack then during the second century B. C. It is known that Alexander the Great enjoyed ice and snow with a tinge of added flavors of honey and nectar back then. Tastes. Ice cream mostly appreciated by the elites remained a rare and exotic dessert in today’s context. Due to technological innovations such as steam power, mechanical refrigeration, homogeneity, electric motors and new freezing concepts and equipment ice-cream production has improvised. It has been identified in the United States that the total frozen dairy annual production is more than 1. 6 billion gallons due to the ongoing advancement in technologies. The concept of 320 Below was originated from United States. The process of rapid freezing provided by liquid nitrogen allows the making of endless combinations of ice-cream, sorbets, shakes, yoghurt which provides freshest desserts and quality to every patron. The Victorian†Queen of ice cream,† Agnes Marshall was the first to use the liquid nitrogen concept in the making of ice-cream over 100 years ago. The Intro facts on the usage of liquid nitrogen has gained competitive advantage at large as patrons get to witness their frozen dessert being made from scratch and this creates a unique experience for them. Liquid nitrogen utilizes smaller ice crystals than a conventional freezing process and is 320 degrees below zero which creates a creamier and smoother dessert. At 320 Below, guests are given the opportunity to create inventive flavor combinations by recommending their suggested flavors to the experimental team. 20 Below must be able to identify the needs of the consumers presently and in the future in order to develop the right product for its consumers. The targeted consumers for 320 Below are dessert lovers across all ethnic and demographic groups. By targeting the right audience and understanding the demands of its nonusers, 320 Below will be able to achieve competitive advantage amongst its competitors. 7. 2 Pricing Strategy 320 Below had accomplished its vertical integration in achieving a price competitive advantage through providing a unique concept and flavor with a wide range of products. Generally, existing customers tend to be less sensitive about pricing as compared to new customers. In order to achieve optimal profits and being able to be price competitive in the market, 320 Below may reduce its raw materials costs and the equipments usage in the making of the ice-cream. However, 320 Bellows mission s to deliver its products at its freshest and smoothest and its vision is to be the first in new creation and innovation in ensuring its products are fresh, smooth, tasty and clean at all times thus they will not compromise its cost for optimal profits. Its products have been priced with its overheads being taken into considerations. 320 Below has been consistent in providing excellent service and its efficiency has earned them positive testimonials, acknowledgements and referrals. The pricing of its products are worth the money as its high service and quality have managed to match up consumers expectations. The price range for its products with various flavors ranges from $5-$10. And the they been ranked number 15 out of 6,938 restaurants in Singapore by Trapdoors and 30% of its customers are tourists who have been referred to from Trapdoors. . 3 Distribution and Logistics Bangkok, an emerging city, with a population of more than 14 million and Thailand the world as estimated in 2013. Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT) predicts a decline of five percent of tourists visiting Bangkok if the protests continue in the first quarter of 2014 and this will affect the hotel occupancy rate in Bangkok too, which is expected to fall by 30 to 40 percent. The political unrest has been predicted to affect the tourism in Thailand which may be damaging for all enterprises too. Some popular tourist attractions and areas have been affected as tourists have difficulties accessing such places. Such affected areas include international hotels like Hyatt, Four Seasons and InterContinental and even tourist attractions such as Ask, Silos and the Orthographic intersection. 320 Below must outline its strategies before entering the market in Bangkok as there may be chief players existing there. As 320 Below possess a unique concept in South East Sean region, it may plan its initial early stages of exploring its potential in Bangkok. However, due to the political instability, it should delay its intention of entering its market there until the situation diffuses. It has its advantage of being a first mover entrant in Bangkok as the liquid nitrogen ice-cream is not available there. It will not be feasible for the enterprise to enter through franchising mode of entry if the local players are too powerful and strong. 7. 4 Promotion and Advertising 7. 4. 1 Modes Of Advertising 20 Below is new in the market and they have to thrive to gain more exposure for it’s branding and showcase their products through different modes of advertising. Its point of purchase advertising is through its product pictures as consumers find the pictures too tempting and eager to try it. They must be more active in marketing its products although the advertising team have been doing a wonderful Job in order to reach out to a bigger pool of consumers and target the right demographic group by utilizing the suggested advertisements in faceable. This will create brand awareness o consumers with interest in desserts who will be able to receive advertisements on their news feed faceable page based on their respective interests. This mode of advertisement through faceable will go viral faster as it will be able to target the right audience as new consumers and even reach a regional or national audience. However, such types of media is not cost effective for smaller enterprises although one can reach a colossal group of consumers. Besides having a faceable account and participated in trade fairs , it may seek help from its consumers to spread the brand around through word of mouth. Word of mouth is the best and fastest mode of advertisement. By providing an excellent service and experience to its consumers, the brand will speak for itself. By offering good products, customers will share with their families and friends on the ice cream and many of 320 Below customers are referrals. The organization is also ranked Top 15 in Trapdoors which constitutes about 30% of their customer base whom are tourists. By winning its customers hearts, they will keep coming back and start introducing to their friends and share 320 Below faceable page on their faceable. How to cite International Management, Papers International Management Free Essays Discussion Questions 1. Why are Russia and Eastern Europe of interest to international managers? Identify and describe some reasons for such interest in Russia or Eastern Europe. 2. We will write a custom essay sample on International Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now MNCs from emerging markets are beginning to challenge the dominance of developed country MNCs. How might MNCs from America, Europe, and Japan respond to these challenges? Identify and describe: What kind of cultural challenges facing Taiwan or German entrepreneurs while entering the market of Swedish culture? (Note: refer to the study conducted by Geert Hofstede) 3. Define the four basic predispositions MNCs have toward their international operations. 4. Wilsten Inc. has been approached by a Japanese firm that wants exclusive production and selling rights for one of Wilsten’s new high-tech products. What does Wilsten need to know about Japanese bargaining behaviors to strike the best deal with this company? Identify and describe three. 5. Please comment on the following report titled â€Å"China Tech Firms Pursue Growth in Brazil† by Yun-Hee Kim on June 6, 2012. g-market giant Brazil to seize on growing demand for personal computers and smartphones in South America’s biggest economy. From Lenovo Group to telecommunications giant ZTE, cash-rich Chinese hardware makers are seeking to boost their market share globally as demand cools at home. They are looking at both buying firms abroad in countries such as Brazil, or setting up their own manufacturing plants there. Analysts and industry experts say more tech deals are on the horizon. Brazil has a fast-growing middle class whose use of smart TVs and smartphones is quickly rising. Chinese companies have the know-how to produce electronic devices at lower costs. There is every opportunity now for Chinese companies to work towards a global empire by adopting investment patterns that position well in the economies which are the most promising in terms of future growth,† such as Brazil, said Connie Carnabuci, Asia co-head of telecoms, media and technology practice at international law firm Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer in Hong Kong. â€Å"Technology and telecommunications happens to be an area where China has wel l-established export players such as ZTE and Lenovo, so the synergies are obvious. Lenovo, the world’s second-largest PC maker by shipments after Hewlett-Packard, is interested in working with â€Å"all the players† in Brazil when it comes to acquisitions, the Chinese PC maker’s president for Asia-Pacific and Latin America, Milko Van Duijl, said in an interview. China is still Lenovo’s biggest market but the personal-computer maker has big plans for its Latin American business as global turmoil threatens profits. The WSJ’s Deborah Kan speaks to Milko van Duijl, Lenovo’s president of Asia Pacific and Latin America. Not every deal has gone smoothly, however. Lenovo’s pursuit of Brazilian computer-hardware maker Positivo Informatica ended in December 2008 without a merger deal. The companies didn’t provide a reason for why talks fell apart. Mr. Van Duijl declined to comment when asked whether Lenovo might reconsider a bid for Positivo, but said that acquisitions would help it get to be the top seller of PCs in Brazil, from its current No.? 9 spot. Officials at Positivo couldn’t be reached for comment. Meanwhile, ZTE is investing $200 million over the next four years in a high-tech industrial park in Sao Paulo that will house the firm’s first research-and-development facility in Latin America. It will also include a production plant, a training center and a logistics center. For ZTE, building a presence in Latin America is critical to its global ambitions, as it has faced political opposition to its plans to expand in the U. S. and Europe over concerns about ties to the Chinese government, and in India over official security inspections for network equipment from China. How to cite International Management, Papers

The Transcontinental Railroad and Westward Expansi Essay Example For Students

The Transcontinental Railroad and Westward Expansi Essay on The Transcontinental Railroad and Westward Expansi Essayon Thesis: The transcontinental railroad greatly increased Westward expansion in the United States of America during the latter half of the nineteenth century. We will write a custom essay on The Transcontinental Railroad and Westward Expansi specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The history of the United States has been influenced by England in many ways. In the second half of the 1800s, the railroad, which was invented in England, had a major effect on Western expansion in the United States. Railroads were born in England, a country with dense populations, short distances between cities, and large financial resources. In America there were different circumstances, a sparse population in a huge country, large stretches between cities, and only the smallest amounts of money. (Railroad 85) The first American railroads started in the 1830s from the Atlantic ports of Boston, New York City, Philadelphia, Wilmington, Charleston, and Savannah (Douglas 23). Within twenty years, four rail lines had crossed the Alleghenies to reach their goal on Western Waters of the Great Lakes or the tributaries of the Mississippi. Meanwhile, other lines had started West of the Appalachian mountains, and by the mid-1850s Chicago, St. Louis, and Memphis were connected to the East. Still other lines were stretching Westward, beyond the Mississippi. An international route connected New England and Montreal and another one crossed Southern Ontario between Niagara, New York, and the Detroit River. During the 1850s, North and South routes were developed both East and West of the Alleghenies. It was not until after the Civil War, however, that a permanent railroad bridge was constructed across the Ohio River. After the Civil War, the pace of railroad building increased. The Pacific railroads, the Union Pacific building from Omaha, Nebraska, and the Central Pacific building from Sacramento, California, had started to build a transcontinental railroad during the war to help promote national unity. They were joined at Promontory, Utah, on May 10, 1869, completing the first rail connection across the continent. Before the transcontinental railroad, the Eastern railroads had lines running only as far West as Omaha, Nebraska. The Western railroads had a few lines running North and South in California, far West of the wall of the Sierra Nevada Mountains. In between these two networks was a huge gap of about seventeen hundred miles of plains and mountain ranges. Closing this gap was a dream shared by many Americans. Businessmen thought of all the money they could make by having an entire continent full of customers and using the railroads to serve their needs. Romantics dreamed of the discoveries of wild Indians, scouts and hunters, and, of course, gold. Gold had been a desired find throughout the exploration of America. The California Gold Rush of 1849 again created much excitement about the search for gold. The Pacific Railroads were founded when the Civil War was in progress. Until the war was over, the transcontinental railroad was a giant enterprise stalled by much bickering between a reluctant Congress and the Army, who had clamored for it (Cooke 254). If it had been left to the government, it would have taken another twenty years to complete the transcontinental railroad. However, it was a commercial venture, and it was fortunately fed by the adrenaline of competition. There were two railroad companies building the transcontinental railroad, the Union Pacific from the East, and the Central Pacific from the West. The two companies struggled to beat each other in slamming down a record mileage of track. At first, Congress avidly pursued the project and they had stipulated that the Central Pacific should stop when it reached the California Border (Congress was full of Easterners). In 1865, after much argument about the aid the government was providing to the two companies, the actual construction of the transcontinental railroad was started. Then in 1866, Congress decided that two companies should build as fast as possible and meet wherever they came together (255). .u3d878b158ed0b99d5c2736450edebe7e , .u3d878b158ed0b99d5c2736450edebe7e .postImageUrl , .u3d878b158ed0b99d5c2736450edebe7e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3d878b158ed0b99d5c2736450edebe7e , .u3d878b158ed0b99d5c2736450edebe7e:hover , .u3d878b158ed0b99d5c2736450edebe7e:visited , .u3d878b158ed0b99d5c2736450edebe7e:active { border:0!important; } .u3d878b158ed0b99d5c2736450edebe7e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3d878b158ed0b99d5c2736450edebe7e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3d878b158ed0b99d5c2736450edebe7e:active , .u3d878b158ed0b99d5c2736450edebe7e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3d878b158ed0b99d5c2736450edebe7e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3d878b158ed0b99d5c2736450edebe7e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3d878b158ed0b99d5c2736450edebe7e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3d878b158ed0b99d5c2736450edebe7e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3d878b158ed0b99d5c2736450edebe7e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3d878b158ed0b99d5c2736450edebe7e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3d878b158ed0b99d5c2736450edebe7e .u3d878b158ed0b99d5c2736450edebe7e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3d878b158ed0b99d5c2736450edebe7e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Judicial Activism vs Judicial Restraint Essay First, the Union Pacific sent out location parties, tracing the line and clearing the path by killing the Sioux and the buffalo in the way of the railroad. Then came the construction gangs who, working in shifts, graded (flattened) the land by as much as a hundred miles a stretch. Behind them came the track-laying crews, each consisting of ten thousand men and as many animals. For each mile of track, the government was loaning the railroad from $16,000, for flat land, to $48,000, for mountainous land (Railroad 86). The supplies needed to lay a single mile of track included forty train cars to carry four hundred tons of . The Transcontinental Railroad And Westward Expansi Essay Example For Students The Transcontinental Railroad And Westward Expansi Essay on The Transcontinental Railroad And Westward Expansi Essayon Thesis: The transcontinental railroad greatly increased Westward expansion in the United States of America during the latter half of the nineteenth century. We will write a custom essay on The Transcontinental Railroad And Westward Expansi specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The history of the United States has been influenced by England in many ways. In the second half of the 1800s, the railroad, which was invented in England, had a major effect on Western expansion in the United States. ;Railroads were born in England, a country with dense populations, short distances between cities, and large financial resources. In America there were different circumstances, a sparse population in a huge country, large stretches between cities, and only the smallest amounts of money. ; (;Railroad; 85) The first American railroads started in the 1830s from the Atlantic ports of Boston, New York City, Philadelphia, Wilmington, Charleston, and Savannah (Douglas 23). Within twenty years, four rail lines had crossed the Alleghenies to reach their goal on Western Waters of the Great Lakes or the tributaries of the Mississippi. Meanwhile, other lines had started West of the Appalachian mountains, and by the mid-1850s Chicago, St. Louis, and Memphis were connected to the East. Still other lines were stretching Westward, beyond the Mississippi. An international route connected New England and Montreal and another one crossed Southern Ontario between Niagara, New York, and the Detroit River. During the 1850s, North and South routes were developed both East and West of the Alleghenies. It was not until after the Civil War, however, that a permanent railroad bridge was constructed across the Ohio River. After the Civil War, the pace of railroad building increased. The Pacific railroads, the Union Pacific building from Omaha, Nebraska, and the Central Pacific building from Sacramento, California, had started to build a transcontinental railroad during the war to help promote national unity. They were joined at Promontory, Utah, on May 10, 1869, completing the first rail connection across the continent. Before the transcontinental railroad, the Eastern railroads had lines running only as far West as Omaha, Nebraska. The Western railroads had a few lines running North and South in California, far West of the wall of the Sierra Nevada Mountains. In between these two networks was a huge gap of about seventeen hundred miles of plains and mountain ranges. Closing this gap was a dream shared by many Americans. Businessmen thought of all the money they could make by having an entire continent full of customers and using the railroads to serve their needs. Romantics dreamed of the discoveries of wild Indians, scouts and hunters, and, of course, gold. Gold had been a desired find throughout the exploration of America. The California Gold Rush of 1849 again created much excitement about the search for gold. The Pacific Railroads were founded when the Civil War was in progress. Until the war was over, the transcontinental railroad was a giant enterprise stalled by much bickering between a reluctant Congress and the Army, who had clamored for it (Cooke 254). If it had been left to the government, it would have taken another twenty years to complete the transcontinental railroad. However, it was a commercial venture, and it was fortunately fed by the adrenaline of competition. There were two railroad companies building the transcontinental railroad, the Union Pacific from the East, and the Central Pacific from the West. The two companies struggled to beat each other in slamming down a record mileage of track. At first, Congress avidly pursued the project and they had stipulated that the Central Pacific should stop when it reached the California Border (Congress was full of Easterners). In 1865, after much argument about the aid the government was providing to the two companies, the actual construction of the transcontinental railroad was started. Then in 1866, Congress decided that two companies should build as fast as possible and meet wherever they came together (255). .u33e21b7e6ef60ca29e418f23f56ba0d9 , .u33e21b7e6ef60ca29e418f23f56ba0d9 .postImageUrl , .u33e21b7e6ef60ca29e418f23f56ba0d9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u33e21b7e6ef60ca29e418f23f56ba0d9 , .u33e21b7e6ef60ca29e418f23f56ba0d9:hover , .u33e21b7e6ef60ca29e418f23f56ba0d9:visited , .u33e21b7e6ef60ca29e418f23f56ba0d9:active { border:0!important; } .u33e21b7e6ef60ca29e418f23f56ba0d9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u33e21b7e6ef60ca29e418f23f56ba0d9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u33e21b7e6ef60ca29e418f23f56ba0d9:active , .u33e21b7e6ef60ca29e418f23f56ba0d9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u33e21b7e6ef60ca29e418f23f56ba0d9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u33e21b7e6ef60ca29e418f23f56ba0d9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u33e21b7e6ef60ca29e418f23f56ba0d9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u33e21b7e6ef60ca29e418f23f56ba0d9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u33e21b7e6ef60ca29e418f23f56ba0d9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u33e21b7e6ef60ca29e418f23f56ba0d9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u33e21b7e6ef60ca29e418f23f56ba0d9 .u33e21b7e6ef60ca29e418f23f56ba0d9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u33e21b7e6ef60ca29e418f23f56ba0d9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Tropical Africa: Food Production And The Inquiry M EssayFirst, the Union Pacific sent out location parties, tracing the line and clearing the path by killing the Sioux and the buffalo in the way of the railroad. Then came the construction gangs who, working in shifts, graded (flattened) the land by as much as a hundred miles a stretch. Behind them came the track-laying crews, each consisting of ten thousand men and as many animals. For each mile of track, the government was loaning the railroad from $16,000, for flat land, to $48,000, for mountainous land (Railroad 86). The supplies needed to lay a single mile of track included forty train cars to carry four hundred tons of rail and timber, ties, bridgings, fuel, and food, which all had to be . The Transcontinental Railroad and Westward Expansi Essay Example For Students The Transcontinental Railroad and Westward Expansi Essay onThe Transcontinental Railroad and Westward ExpansionThesis: The transcontinental railroad greatly increased Westward expansion inthe United States of America during the latter half of the nineteenth century. The history of the United States has been influenced by England in many ways. In the second half of the 1800s, the railroad, which was invented in England,had a major effect on Western expansion in the United States. We will write a custom essay on The Transcontinental Railroad and Westward Expansi specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Railroads were born in England, a country with densepopulations, short distances between cities, and largefinancial resources. In America there were differentcircumstances, a sparse population in a huge country, largestretches between cities, and only the smallest amounts ofmoney. (Railroad 85)The first American railroads started in the 1830s from the Atlantic ports ofBoston, New York City, Philadelphia, Wilmington, Charleston, and Savannah(Douglas 23). Within twenty years, four rail lines had crossed the Allegheniesto reach their goal on Western Waters of the Great Lakes or the tributaries ofthe Mississippi. Meanwhile, other lines had started West of the Appalachianmountains, and by the mid-1850s Chicago, St. Louis, and Memphis were connectedto the East. Still other lines were stretching Westward, beyond the Mississippi. An international route connected New England and Montreal and another onecrossed Southern Ontario between Niagara, New York, and the Detroit River. During the 1850s, North and South routes were developed both East and West ofthe Alleghenies. It was not until after the Civil War, however, that a permanentrailroad bridge was constructed across the Ohio River. After the Civil War, thepace of railroad building increased. The Pacific railroads, the Union Pacificbuilding from Omaha, Nebraska, and the Central Pacific building from Sacramento,California, had started to build a transcontinental railroad during the war tohelp promote national unity. They were joined at Promontory, Utah, on May 10,1869, completing the first rail connection across the continent. Before the transcontinental railroad, the Eastern railroads had lines runningonly as far West as Omaha, Nebraska. The Western railroads had a few linesrunning North and South in California, far West of the wall of the Sierra NevadaMountains. In between these two networks was a huge gap of about seventeenhundred miles of plains and mountain ranges. Closing this gap was a dream sharedby many Americans. Businessmen thought of all the money they could make byhaving an entire continent full of customers and using the railroads to servetheir needs. Romantics dreamed of the discoveries of wild Indians, scouts andhunters, and, of course, gold. Gold had been a desired find throughout theexploration of America. The California Gold Rush of 1849 again created muchexcitement about the search for gold. The Pacific Railroads were founded when the Civil War was in progress. Untilthe war was over, the transcontinental railroad was a giant enterprise stalledby much bickering between a reluctant Congress and the Army, who had clamoredfor it (Cooke 254). If it had been left to the government, it would have takenanother twenty years to complete the transcontinental railroad. However, it wasa commercial venture, and it was fortunately fed by the adrenaline ofcompetition. There were two railroad companies building the transcontinentalrailroad, the Union Pacific from the East, and the Central Pacific from the West. The two companies struggled to beat each other in slamming down a record mileageof track. At first, Congress avidly pursued the project and they had stipulatedthat the Central Pacific should stop when it reached the California Border(Congress was full of Easterners). In 1865, after much argument about the aidthe government was providing to the two companies, the actual construction ofthe transcontinental railroad was started. Then in 1866, Congress decided thattwo companies should build as fast as possible and meet wherever they cametogether (255). .u534fef6771ece26329d75ae530fa4294 , .u534fef6771ece26329d75ae530fa4294 .postImageUrl , .u534fef6771ece26329d75ae530fa4294 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u534fef6771ece26329d75ae530fa4294 , .u534fef6771ece26329d75ae530fa4294:hover , .u534fef6771ece26329d75ae530fa4294:visited , .u534fef6771ece26329d75ae530fa4294:active { border:0!important; } .u534fef6771ece26329d75ae530fa4294 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u534fef6771ece26329d75ae530fa4294 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u534fef6771ece26329d75ae530fa4294:active , .u534fef6771ece26329d75ae530fa4294:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u534fef6771ece26329d75ae530fa4294 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u534fef6771ece26329d75ae530fa4294 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u534fef6771ece26329d75ae530fa4294 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u534fef6771ece26329d75ae530fa4294 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u534fef6771ece26329d75ae530fa4294:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u534fef6771ece26329d75ae530fa4294 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u534fef6771ece26329d75ae530fa4294 .u534fef6771ece26329d75ae530fa4294-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u534fef6771ece26329d75ae530fa4294:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Ideologies EssayFirst, the Union Pacific sent out location parties, tracing the line andclearing the path by killing the Sioux and the buffalo in the way of therailroad. Then came the construction gangs who, working in shifts, graded(flattened) the land by as much as a hundred miles a stretch. Behind them camethe track-laying crews, each consisting of ten thousand men and as many animals. For each mile of track, the government was loaning the railroad from $16,000,for flat land, to $48,000, for mountainous land (Railroad 86). The suppliesneeded to lay a single mile of track included forty train cars to carry fourhundred tons of The Transcontinental Railroad and Westward Expansi Essay Example For Students The Transcontinental Railroad and Westward Expansi Essay on Thesis: The transcontinental railroad greatly increased Westward expansion in the United States of America during the latter half of the nineteenth century. The history of the United States has been influenced by England in many ways. In the second half of the 1800s, the railroad, which was invented in England, had a major effect on Western expansion in the United States. We will write a custom essay on The Transcontinental Railroad and Westward Expansi specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Railroads were born in England, a country with dense populations, short distances between cities, and large financial resources. In America there were different circumstances, a sparse population in a huge country, large stretches between cities, and only the smallest amounts of money. (Railroad 85) The first American railroads started in the 1830s from the Atlantic ports of Boston, New York City, Philadelphia, Wilmington, Charleston, and Savannah (Douglas 23). Within twenty years, four rail lines had crossed the Alleghenies to reach their goal on `Western Waters of the Great Lakes or the tributaries of the Mississippi. Meanwhile, other lines had started West of the Appalachian mountains, and by the mid-1850s Chicago, St. Louis, and Memphis were connected to the East. Still other lines were stretching Westward, beyond the Mississippi. An international route connected New England and Montreal and another one crossed Southern Ontario between Niagara, New York, and the Detroit River. During the 1850s, North and South routes were developed both East and West of the Alleghenies. It was not until after the Civil War, however, that a permanent railroad bridge was constructed across the Ohio River. After the Civil War, the pace of railroad building increased. The Pacific railroads, the Union Pacific building from Omaha, Nebraska, and the Central Pacific building from Sacramento, California, had started to build a transcontinental railroad during the war to help promote national unity. They were joined at Promontory, Utah, on May 10, 1869, completing the first rail connection across the continent. Before the transcontinental railroad, the Eastern railroads had lines running only as far West as Omaha, Nebraska. The Western railroads had a few lines running North and South in California, far West of the wall of the Sierra Nevada Mountains. In between these two networks was a huge gap of about seventeen hundred miles of plains and mountain ranges. Closing this gap was a dream shared by many Americans. Businessmen thought of all the money they could make by having an entire continent full of customers and using the railroads to serve their needs. Romantics dreamed of the discoveries of wild Indians, scouts and hunters, and, of course, gold. Gold had been a desired find throughout the exploration of America. The California Gold Rush of 1849 again created much excitement about the search for gold. The Pacific Railroads were founded when the Civil War was in progress. Until the war was over, the transcontinental railroad was a giant enterprise stalled by much bickering between a reluctant Congress and the Army, who had clamored for it (Cooke 254). If it had been left to the government, it would have taken another twenty years to complete the transcontinental railroad. However, it was a commercial venture, and it was fortunately fed by the adrenaline of competition. There were two railroad companies building the transcontinental railroad, the Union Pacific from the East, and the Central Pacific from the West. The two companies struggled to beat each other in slamming down a record mileage of track. At first, Congress avidly pursued the project and they had stipulated that the Central Pacific should stop when it reached the California Border (Congress was full of Easterners). In 1865, after much argument about the aid the government was providing to the two companies, the actual construction of the transcontinental railroad was started. Then in 1866, Congress decided that two companies should build as fast as possible and meet wherever they came together (255). .u58f6b460277be2ce2d45bb3b507173be , .u58f6b460277be2ce2d45bb3b507173be .postImageUrl , .u58f6b460277be2ce2d45bb3b507173be .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u58f6b460277be2ce2d45bb3b507173be , .u58f6b460277be2ce2d45bb3b507173be:hover , .u58f6b460277be2ce2d45bb3b507173be:visited , .u58f6b460277be2ce2d45bb3b507173be:active { border:0!important; } .u58f6b460277be2ce2d45bb3b507173be .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u58f6b460277be2ce2d45bb3b507173be { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u58f6b460277be2ce2d45bb3b507173be:active , .u58f6b460277be2ce2d45bb3b507173be:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u58f6b460277be2ce2d45bb3b507173be .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u58f6b460277be2ce2d45bb3b507173be .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u58f6b460277be2ce2d45bb3b507173be .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u58f6b460277be2ce2d45bb3b507173be .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u58f6b460277be2ce2d45bb3b507173be:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u58f6b460277be2ce2d45bb3b507173be .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u58f6b460277be2ce2d45bb3b507173be .u58f6b460277be2ce2d45bb3b507173be-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u58f6b460277be2ce2d45bb3b507173be:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Similarities Between Classical Music and Ellin Essay First, the Union Pacific sent out location parties, tracing the line and clearing the path by killing the Sioux and the buffalo in the way of the railroad. Then came the construction gangs who, working in shifts, graded (flattened) the land by as much as a hundred miles a stretch. Behind them came the track-laying crews, each consisting of ten thousand men and as many animals. For each mile of track, the government was loaning the railroad from $16,000, for flat land, to $48,000, for mountainous land (Railroad 86). The supplies needed to lay a single mile of track included forty train cars to carry four hundred tons of rail and timber, ties, bridgings, .